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A history of manga and anime-based theatre in NYC and beyond

The Off-Broadway premiere of Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen marks the first English-language American musical based on a manga, but the two art forms have long gone hand in hand.

Caroline Cao
Written byCaroline Cao

Man-eating puppets, demon-slashing katanas, and murderous notebooks, oh my! The unique artistry and epic scale of Japanese manga and anime stories suit them for the stage. Even Osamu Tezuka, known as "the Godfather of Manga and Anime," once penned an essay on manga and theatre as being two sides of the same expressive coin.

They have a shared history: Tezuka and many other mangakas, or manga creators, were inspired by the panache of the all-female Takarazuka Revue theatre troupe, which gave rise to a Japanese theatre industry built on adapting popular mangas into major stage productions.

Similarly, Broadway has seen blockbuster musicals based on comics (Spider-Man Turn Off the Dark), graphic novels (Fun Home), and animated TV (SpongeBob SquarePants). This fall, the Off-Broadway world premiere of Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is becoming the first English-language American musical adapted from a manga.

You don’t have to be an otaku — that is, an anime or manga superfan — to savor the spectacle. Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen may be a first of its kind, but other manga-inspired works have played in NYC, in London's West End, and around the world — discover a selection of them below.

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Summary

  • The Off-Broadway show Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is the first English-language American musical based on a manga
  • This article rounds up 15 musicals and other stage shows inspired by Japanese animes and mangas, including Studio Ghibli films and popular TV series like Attack on Titan
  • Anime and manga-inspired musicals have played in NYC, in London's West End, and around the world
1.

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen

2.

My Neighbour Totoro

3.

Death Note: The Musical

4.

Fist of the North Star

5.

Your Lie in April

6.

Chimney Town The Musical

7.

The Phantom of the Opera

8.

Pokémon Live!

9.

The Garden of Words

10.

Attack on Titan: The Musical

11.

Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: The Super Live

12.

Spirited Away: Live on Stage

13.

Princess Mononoke

14.

Musical: The Prince of Tennis

15.

Demon Slayer: The Stage

1.

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen

What kind of voyeur are you? Moyoco Anno’s manga Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen follows a 20th-century Paris brothel and its star prostitute, Colette, who chronicles her perverse clientele while she becomes romantically fixated on the gigolo Leon. This premise sets the scene for the immersive musical adaptation at the Night Egg, a newly designed venue named for the manga’s setting.

Rob Ashford directs and choreographs a cast led by Beetlejuice star Sophia Anne Caruso as Colette. Composer/lyricist Duncan Sheik (Spring Awakening and American Psycho) and scriptwriter Leah Nananko Winkler round out the creative team of Memoirs, billed as the first American, English-language musical adaptation of a manga.

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Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen

2.

My Neighbour Totoro

Jim Henson’s Creature Workshop puppets and Studio Ghibli have teamed up to delight London audiences of all ages with the stage adaptation of My Neighbour Totoro, running at the Gillian Lynne Theatre through January 10, 2027. The show, penned by British playwright Tom Morton-Smith, adapts Hayao Miyazaki’s 1988 film about two sisters who befriend forest spirits while living with their sick mother. The production’s grandest showpiece is a towering, textured Totoro puppet, revealed through a curtain of greenery.

Get My Neighbour Totoro tickets on our sister site, LondonTheatre.co.uk.

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My Neighbour Totoro

3.

Death Note: The Musical

Write someone’s name in a notebook and write them a cause of death to your liking: That's the concept of writer Tsugumi Ohba illustrator Takeshi Obata's manga Death Note, now adapted into a musical. Bored Japanese high school student Light gets his hands on a Death Note and wreaks his twisted vision of justice on criminals and the unorthodox detective trailing him.

“My son told me I had to do it, as it would be the coolest thing I’d ever done,” Tony-nominated Broadway composer Frank Wildhorn said about writing and composing Death Note: The Musical, with English lyrics by Jack Murphy and book by Ivan Menchell. An English-language demo recorded by a stacked cast, including Jeremy Jordan as Light, helped draw attention to the project.

Death Note: The Musical cycled through stagings in South Korea and Japan before the musical finally had an English-language London premiere in 2024. That production, now with a revised book and songs, just wrapped a run at London's Barbican Centre and will return there in March 2027. But Death Note isn't Wildhorn's only manga musical...

Get Death Note: The Musical West End tickets on our sister site, LondonTheatre.co.uk.

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Death Note: The Musical

4.

Fist of the North Star

“You’re already dead” is the chilling catchphrase of a martial artist who can strike an enemy’s pressure points with such precision that they burst into bloody pieces. Do exploding bodies lend themselves to musicals? Frank Wildhorn thinks so. After all, he musicalized the 1980s manga Fist of the North Star, a beloved but notorious envelope-pusher for gore. The musical premiered in December 2021 at Tokyo’s Nissay Theatre, followed by tour stops across Japan and China.

In a WhatsOnStage interview with director/choreographer Nick Winston, Wildhorn expressed hope that he and Winston can bring Fist of the North Star to the West End or Broadway.

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5.

Your Lie in April

Your Lie in April, Naoshi Arakawa's manga series that has also been adapted into a TV show and a movie, was ripe for musicalization. It follows teen piano prodigy Kо̄sei Arima, who becomes too grief-stricken to play until he meets violinist Kaori Miyazono, and their music-making reawakens him.

Frank Wildhorn’s tender musical adaptation played at the Harold Pinter Theatre in London's West End in 2024.

Your Lie in April

6.

Chimney Town The Musical

Frank Wildhorn, The Great Gatsby lyricist Nathan Tysen, and book writer Susan Soon are developing a stage musical adaptation of Akihiro Nishino's picture book Poupelle of Chimney Town and its 2020 anime feature film. In the smoggy title city, a boy and a smelly garbage creature team up to restore the stars to the skies. The project has had private industry readings in New York City.

Furthermore, a proshot of a separate Japanese musical adaptation, with music by Ko Tanaka and English lyrics by Jessica Wu, can be viewed on YouTube with English subtitles. According to this production’s official YouTube account, an Off-Broadway run is being planned.

7.

The Phantom of the Opera

Mourners of The Phantom of the Opera, which closed on Broadway after a 35-year run in 2023, can catch the masked opera ghost in the immersive NYC production Masquerade. But you haven’t seen his story in anime form — yet. Andrew Lloyd Webber's production company, LW Entertainment, and Justin Leach of Qubic Pictures Justin Leach (producer of the Star Wars: Visions anime anthology) have reported plans to turn The Phantom of the Opera into an anime.

As of now, details are as scarce and mysterious as the opera ghost himself, but anime is a plum medium for the show's dark, fantastical world.

8.

Pokémon Live!

You can collect Pokémon cards and catch em’ all, but you can’t pocket live theatre. Radio City Music Hall was once the site of Pokémon Live!, which toured the U.S. from 2000-01. Populated by actors costumed as Pokémon creatures, the musical included a mix of original songs and songs from two anime soundtracks, Pokémon 2BA Master and Totally Pokémon.

Plans for a proshot never materialized, but stage manager Chris Mitchell released the grainy recording of the show’s Milwaukee performance on December 30, 2000.

9.

The Garden of Words

Whole Hog Theatre continued cultivating Anglo-Japanese collaborations with The Garden of Words, based on the 2013 anime film by Makoto Shinkai, at London's Park Theatre in July 2023. The story a shoemaking teenager, a woman he meets in a Japanese park, and their relationship that dangerously blurs the lines between romantic and platonic.

London Theatre's critic highlighted the production’s use of Man'yōshū poetry, dangling paper strands suggesting a wisteria tree, and the “yearning, questing people who have been rendered wistful, or wayward, by love.”

The Garden of Words

10.

Attack on Titan: The Musical

Watch out for giants! Hajime Isayama’s bestselling manga follows the orphaned Eren Yeager as he battles the man-eating Titans with an organization of giant-slayers. Dramatizing the manga's high-octane aerial battles fell to breakdancing champion Go Ueki, director and choreographer of Attack on Titan: The Musical, which premiered in Osaka, Japan in January 2023. On stage, the monsters manifest as projections and puppets.

In 2024, Attack on Titan: The Musical swung into New York City Center for a sold-out three-day run, with the finale teasing a part two. Blu-rays of the musical, filmed during its Japan run, are sold on online platforms like eBay.

11.

Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: The Super Live

Naoko Takeuchi’s manga Sailor Moon, which bewitched the American market in the 1990s, has theatrical flair baked in. The Sailor Scouts' "Magical Girl Transformations" aren't unlike quick changes, and the lesbian characters Haruka Tenou and Michiru Kaiou were inspired by the Takarazuka Revue, a Japanese theatre troupe.

It's no surprise, then, that Sailor Moon musicals were already a staple of Japanese theatre when Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: The Super Live tour (with English supertitles) had its North American debut at the New York City’s PlayStation Theater in 2019. In 2025, the tour returned to New York City’s Palladium Times Square for a three-day run.

12.

Spirited Away: Live on Stage

To relive Hayao Miyazaki's Oscar-winning 2001 film Spirited Away, travel to Spirited Away: Live on Stage, essentially a living, breathing pop-up book of the movie. The visually stunning production, staged by Tony-winning director John Caird (Les Misérables) and co-adapted by Maoko Imai, is scheduled for a world tour from 2026-28.

The story follows young Chihiro's fight to survive an array of gods and spirits who might be friend or foe. Weaving Japanese Noh and Kabuki theatre traditions with inventive puppetry, the play also includes three new songs drawn from Miyazaki’s lyrics. Mari Natsuka, who voiced the sorceress Yubaba and her twin Zeniba in the film, reprises her role.

Additionally, a proshot returns to cinemas for two screenings during the 2026 Ghibli Festival, each with a different actress as Chihiro.

13.

Princess Mononoke

If My Neighbour Totoro is Hayao Miyazaki’s playful, pastoral love letter, Princess Mononoke shows his ruthless side. Considering that Miyazaki’s acclaimed 1997 film opens with a demonized boar besieging a village, it’s apt that Studio Ghibli teamed up with Whole Hog Theatre to translate the story to the stage in 2013. A sold-out run broke the box office record for London's New Diorama Theatre, and the play subsequently transferred to Tokyo.

14.

Musical: The Prince of Tennis

The adrenaline-fueled manga sports genre captivates millions. One important entry is Musical: The Prince of Tennis, a series of stage musicals that adapt Takeshi Konomi’s 1999 tennis manga. Since the first installment's premiere in 2003, the sprawling series became known as the gateway for the 2.5D musical industry — that is, musical adaptations of Japanese manga, anime, and video games.

Three "seasons" of Musical: The Prince of Tennis, each containing multiple shows, came out between 2003 and 2020. The franchise is still touring in Japan, and DVDs of the shows are available to buy.

15.

Demon Slayer: The Stage

The Demon Slayer franchise has proven to be a behemoth, with record-breaking movies and 2.5-D stage musicals.

When young coalseller Tanjiro's sister Nezuko is forcibly transformed into a bloodthirsty demon, he trains himself as the titular demon slayer to avenge his family and restore his sister’s humanity. The stage musical recreates the manga's illustrations of katana combat with practical stagecraft and 3D projections that summon flame, water, and electricity.

Part one of the Demon Slayer musical series can be viewed on the anime streaming platform Crunchyroll with English subtitles. Meanwhile, in Japan, the series's sixth musical, Pillar Training & Invasion of the Infinity Castle, ran from June 13-28, 2026 in Tokyo.

Frequently asked questions

What is Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen about?

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is a new musical starring Sophia Anne Caruso based on the hit manga about a dreamer in Paris and her special gift for writing.

How long is Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

The running time of Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is 1hr 30min. No intermission.

Where is Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen playing?

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is playing at The Night Egg at the Culture Club. The theatre is located at 530 West 27th Street, New York, 10001.

How much do tickets cost for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

Tickets for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen start at $54.

What's the age recommendation for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

The recommended age for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is This production is intended for mature audiences only..

How do you book tickets for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

Book tickets for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen on New York Theatre Guide.

Is Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen on Broadway or Off-Broadway?

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is playing Off Broadway.

How long is Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen running?

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen currently has tickets available through 3 January 2027. Check calendar for availability.

Who is in the cast of Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

The cast of Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen includes Sophia Anne Caruso (as Colette), Cory Jeacoma (as Léon), Nkeki Obi-Melekwe (as Nana), Andy Bakun (as Sakae), and Jenny Powers (as Madame).

Who directed Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen is directed by Rob Ashford.

Who wrote the music and lyrics for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

The music and lyrics for Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen were written by Duncan Sheik.

Who wrote Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen?

Memoirs of Amorous Gentlemen was written by Leah Nanako Winkler, adapted from the manga by Moyoco Anno.